Pathologies and therapies

Minimally Invasive Maneuvers

• Percutaneous nephrostomy
  puncture of the renal cavity through the skin of the lumbar region, in order to achieve a stable communication between the renal cavity and the body surface

Penis And Testicles

• Circumcision
  it consists in the partial removal of the skin that covers the glans (prepuce)

• Curvature of the penis
  eliminate a pathology that may block or impair the penetration during sexual intercourse

• Frenulotomy / frenuloplasty
  frenulotomy / frenuloplasty surgery (incision of the frenulum and suturing of the incision margins)

• Implant of penile prosthesis
  for erectile dysfunction

• Implant of penile prosthesis
  for erectile dysfunction

• Inguinal orchiectomy
  removal of the didymus, epididymis and the proximal segment of the spermatic cord

• Partial or total removal of the penis by neoplasia and ilio-inguinal lymphadenectomy
  total or partial amputation of the penis when a malignant tumor is present

• Penile doppler
  Doppler of the penis

• Removal of hydrocele (hydrocelectomy or resection of tunica vaginalis)
  it is a surgical technique that consists in removing the accumulation of excessive amount of fluid inside the tunica vaginalis via opening of the scrotum

• Testicular exploration surgery
  in case of rotation of the testis on its longitudinal axis with "strangulation" of the arteries and veins and consequent suffering of the testicle

• Urethroplasty: urethral anastomosis
  the surgical repair of the urethra, the purpose of which is to solve the obstacle of bladder emptying, determined by stenosis (or narrowing) of the urethral channel

• Varicocele
  surgical technique for correcting varicose veins of the plexus pampiniform (veins around the testicle)

• Vasectomy
  ligation and section of the vas deferens

Diagnostic Procedures

• Prostatic biopsy
  in order to exclude the presence of a prostate tumor

• Ureteral catheterization STENT
  urethral catheterisation is a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure consisting in the introduction into the ureter or the kidney of a urethral catheter through a cystoscope.

• Urethrocystoscopy
  endoscopic examination for exploring the urethra and bladder cavity

Prostate

• Flowmetry
  evaluation of the urinary flow

• Open radical prostatectomy
  for prostate cancer, surgery that involves the complete removal of the prostate and seminal vesicles

• Prostatic biopsy
  in order to exclude the presence of a prostate tumor

• Radical video-laparoscopic prostatectomy
  for prostate cancer, surgery that involves the removal of the entire block of prostate and seminal vesicles

• Transurethral incision of the prostate (TUIP)
  endoscopic surgery (via the urethral canal) performed by practicing one, or rarely two, prostate incisions to the full thickness without removing the hyperplastic tissue

• Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
  endoscopic surgery (via the urethral canal) performed by practicing one, or rarely two, prostate incisions to the full thickness without removing the hyperplastic tissue

• Transurethral ultrasound-guided laser-induced (thulium) prostatectomy (TULIP)
  endoscopic intervention to reduce urinary symptoms or obstructions due to prostatic enlargement, which causes problems to the emptying of the bladder

• Transvesical adenomectomy
  abdomen surgery to remove a benign tumor of the prostate gland (adenoma or benign prostatic hypertrophy) that, getting bigger, determines an obstacle to the emptying of the bladder

Kidney

• Conservative kidney surgery
  for kidney cancer, complete removal of a tumor in the kidney with organ preservation

• Endoscopy of the ileal conduit
  endoscopic exploration of the ileal conduit through a fiber optic instrument

• Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
  kidney stones disintegration using shock waves produced by an ultrasonic generator

• Extracorporeal ureteral lithotripsy
  method that allows to fragment calculi by means of shock waves rather than the conventional surgery

• Percutaneous lithotripsy (PCNL)
  for renal lithiasis, fragmentation of the calculi through a direct access to the renal cavities

• Radical nephrectomy
  removal of the kidney and adrenal gland together with the surrounding fat

Ureter

• Endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux
  perimeatal submucosal injection of heterologous material in order to prevent the reflux of urine from the bladder to the ureter, and then to the kidney during urination

• Endoscopic ureterotomy – endoureteroplastic stenosis – ureteroscopic ureteral recanalization
  procedure to restore a restricted ureter

• Open surgery ureterotomy for drainage, exploration, stones removal
  open surgery to remove a ureteral calculus resistant to minimally invasive therapy (extracorporeal or ureteroscopic)

• Partial ureteral resection
  the partial ureteral resection is open surgery (incision of the skin) the purpose of which is to remove a portion of the damaged ureter by different pathologies (neoplasms, stenosis, trauma or other causes). Indications: well localized and differentiated ureteral tumors (low tumor grade and stage); short damaged ureteral stretches [...]

• Placement of ureteral prosthesis
  placement of devices within the ureter that allow to maintain a large duct and ensure the flow of urine

• Removal of ureteral brace or nephrostomy probe
  removing a previously placed ureteral catheter or a nephrostomy probe

• Replacement of the ureter with ileum, appendix, etc.. implanted into the bladder
  this surgery occurs in the cases of extensive ureter damage caused by long stenosis or big defects of other origin or in patients with recurrent lithiasis that need a channel to facilitate the pass-through of kidney stones

• Retrograde ureteropyelogram (U.P.G.R.)
  useful procedure in the detailed study of the ureter and renal pelvis

• Rigid and flexible diagnostic ureteroscopy
  instrumental examination that allows the doctor to explore the ureter (the small canal that runs from each kidney to the bladder) and urinary tract within the kidney (pelvis and chalices)

• Total ureterectomy
  total excision of ureter

• Treatment of retrocaval ureter and other rare ureteral malformations
  treatment of congenital malformation of the right ureter, which comes to be, for a developmental anomaly, behind the inferior vena cava

• Ureteral catheterization – STENT
  therapeutic or diagnostic procedure consisting in the introduction of a ureteral catheter through a cystoscope into the ureter or in the renal pelvis

• Ureteral intra-peritoneization by retroperitoneal fibrosis
  surgical correction of Idiopathic Retroperitoneal Fibrosis (FRI), nonspecific inflammatory disease that, occupying the retroperitoneum, includes the ureters constituting a typical case of ureteral obstruction

• Ureteral ostomies
  intervention foreseen for the destructive pelvic surgery for bladder cancer or other conditions contemplating the need for ureter abboccamenti to the skin, intestine or contralateral ureter

• Ureteral papillotomy or meatotomy (endoscopic or nonendoscopic)
  endoscopic procedure via ureter which implies the opening of the ureteral meatus for the resolution of the symptoms related to obstruction of intra-mural or pre-mural tract, implemented for calculi, ureteroceles and papillomas

• Ureteral plastics (surgical ureteral recanalisation)
  repair of ureteral damage or adjacent organs generated during ureteral surgery, of endourological maneuvers, caused by trauma or radiation therapy

• Ureteral ureteroscopic lithotripsy
  minimally invasive technique applied in the treatment of ureteral stones

• Ureterocalicostomy
  open surgery where an anastomosis (connection) is performed between the ureter and a lower renal chalice

• Ureterocystostomy for vesicoureteral reflux or ureteral stenosis
  surgery to correct the vesicoureteral reflux or ureteral stenosis of the terminal portion

• Ureteroscopic treatment of ureteral tumors
  maneuver that, by means of the ureteroscope, allows the treatment of ureteral tumors typically of low grade and stage

Urethra

• Artificial urinary sphincter
  small device that is surgically implanted in order to restore the natural process of urination control

• Diagnostic procedures on the urethra
  clinical tests to highlight urethral pathologies

• Endoscopic urethrotomy
  endoscopic treatment urethral canal narrowings of different etiology

• Hypospadias or epispadias repair
  reconstruction of the urethra to the apex of the penis and penile curvature correction, if any

• Installation or repositioning of artificial sphincter in men
  positioning of a device for controlling urinary continence where the urethral sphincter is no longer able to provide for it

• Installation or repositioning of artificial sphincter in women
  ositioning of a device for controlling urinary continence

• Probe insertion through the urethra
  Insertion of a catheter or probe into the urethra

• Removal of paraurethral cyst
  excision of benign cystic mass retention

• Removal of paraurethral tissue
  removal of tissues of any genesis that would impair the function or morphology of the urethra

• Removal of urethral caruncle
  small vascularized benign tumor

• Removal or destruction of urethra lesion or tissue
  removal of urethral tissue and / or periurethral tissue linked to exuberant scarring processes or any other tissue or lesion which may alter the function or morphology of the urethra. Indications: They are usually performed in the interval between the 1st and the 2nd half of a staged urethroplasty, when it may be necessary to perform the surgery [...]

• Removal or replacement of artificial sphincter or its components in men
  Removal of the entire artificial sphincter device or one or more of its components

• Removal or replacement of artificial sphincter or its components in women
  Removal of the entire artificial sphincter device or one or more of its components

• Urethral calibration
  evaluation of the urethral luminal caliber

• Urethral diverticulectomy
  complete removal of the urethral diverticulum

• Urethral expansion
  introduction into a stenotic urethra of probes or catheters of progressively higher caliber

• Urethral meatoplasty in men
  reconstruction of urethra glans and the external urethral meatus

• Urethral meatotomy in men
  incision of the ventral side of the glans, with subsequent approaching of urethral mucous margins

• Urethral meatotomy in women
  incision of the external meatus being stenotic or sub-stenotic to its calibration with "bougie à boule"

• Urethral pressure profile
  continuous recording of intraurethral pressure

• Urethral-vaginal fistula repair
  repair of an abnormal communication between the urethra and vagina

• Urethroplasty
  surgery to repair the urethra

Bladder

• Radical cystectomy with urinary diversion
  for bladder cancer

• Transurethral resection of the bladder
  surgery performed to remove suspicious bladder areas or bladder tumors, without affecting the abdomen

• Urethrocystoscopy
  endoscopic examination performed with an instrument called a cystoscope through which it is possible to explore the urethra and bladder cavity

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